高考英语语法：情态动词详解
高考英语语法：情态动词详解
1、情态动词 + have done sth这个结构有着特殊意义：用来表示猜测（设想可能发生过什么事情）或
想象（设想可能出现过什么不同的情况）
①should (ought to) have done sth 本来该做而未做
This wall oughtn’t to have been painted blue.
②need have done sth 本来有必要做而未做
You needn’t have told her the news.
③must have done sth 对过去所做动作的肯定推测
---We went to Paris.
---That must have been nice.
④can have done sth 对过去所做动作的否定或疑问推测
I don’t think he can have heard you. Call again.
Where can John have put the matches?
⑤may (might) have done sth 过去可能发生某事，与could相比，may和 might可能性较小，might 可能性更小；might 也可表示过去可能发生而未发生的事情。
Polly’s very late----she may (might) have missed her etrain.
You were stupid to try climbing there. You might have killed youself
⑥could have done sth
●推测过去”可能“发生某事 （同can, 但can不用肯定句）
She could have gone off with some friends.
●表示过去没有实现的可能性：某事可能发生，但却没有发生
You were stupid to go skiing there----you could have broken your leg.
●表示有能力做而未做（虚拟语气）
You could have helped me !
(You were able to help me, but you didn’t.)
2、can could be able to 表示”能力“
●can 通常表示现在的或”一般的能力“---即你无论什么时候想做就能
做到的能力, 指单纯的表示一个人有某种能力。
You can certainly cook, even if you can’t do anything else.
●be able to表示某人通过努力、克服困难做成某事。
will be able to 表示将来的能力
I’ll be able to speak German in another few months.
●could 表达 ”一般的能力“---即你过去想干什么就可以干什么
She could sing like an angel when she was a kid.
但could 不能表达过去某种具体的能力，此时用was able to, managed to 或 succeeded in 等
How many eggs were you able to get ?
3、can, could, may和might 表示”可能性“
●可用来表示：①理论上的可能性（不涉及是否真发生）；②提出建议
（提出解决某个问题的可能办法或者采取的行动）；③在问句或否定句中表达现在的可能性）
Anybody who wants to can become a prison visitor.
①---What shall we do ?
---We can try asking Lucy for help. ②
Who can that be at the door ? Can it be Polly? ③
●may 可用来表达：①将来的可能性；②说话时某事可能是真实的
We may go climbing this summer. ①
You may be right. ②
●could / might 可用来表示： ①说话时某事可能是真实的；②将来
某事有可能发生，但不表示特别可能发生。
You could be right, but I don’t think you are. ①
It could rain later on this evening. ②
4、can, could, may 和might表示“允许”
①请求允许：它们都可以表示请求允许做某事,could 和 might并不是表示过去
Can (May, Could) I borrow your umbrella ?
②允许：当我们允许某人做某事时，我们用can和may来表达，而不能使用could和might
You may / can watch TV for as long as you like. (不用could, might; mustn’t 有“拒绝”的意思）
---Could I use your phone?
---Yes, of course you can /may. (No, you can’t / may not.)
2017高考英语模拟试题
2017高考英语模拟试题
英语是高考的考试科目之一，在高考中占据着重要的位置。今天，学习啦小编为大家整理了2017高考英语模拟试题。
2017高考英语模拟试题第一卷(选择题, 共90分)
第一部分 英语知识运用(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节 单项填空(共10小题;每小题1分, 满分10分)
从A, B, C, D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡该项涂黑。
1. In recent years _____air pollution is becoming _____ concern for many cities in China.
A. the; / B. a; / C. /; / D. /; a
2. The scenery in the northwest, with its rolling mountains and grassland, is quite different from _____ of the capital city, Chengdu.
A. that B. one C. the one D. it
3. Cheng Daoming, the famous Chinese actor played the main part in the film “Coming Home”, and his acting skills always _____ the expectation of his fans.
A. put up with B. end up with C. live up to D. add up to
4. This is the first time I _____ to Chengdu and I am truly impressed by the life style of people here.
A. come B. am coming C. have come D. had come
5. They reached the train station, _____, only _____ that the train had just left.
A. exhaustedly; learned B. exhausted; to learn
C. exhausting; learning D. exhaustingly; to learn
6. It’s impossible to live without failure _____ you live so carefully that you might as well not have lived.
A. unless B. until C. though D. because
7. How close parents are to their children _____ an influence on the character of the child.
A have B. has C. having D. to have
8. Despite the fact that his scores were good, they were hardly as excellent as a student with his intelligence _____.
A. achieved B. had achieved C. would achieve D. should have achieved
9. You will be paid well to write an article recording a situation _____ you find yourself extremely embarrassed because of different culture.
A. that B. which C. what D. where
10. —Do you think French team has got a chance to win in this year’s World Cup?
—_____. It has fallen quite behind in recent years, I think.
A. Of course B. It depends C. Don’t mention it D. By no means
第二节 完形填空 (共20小题;每题1.5分, 满分30分)
阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 然后从11—30各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中, 选出最佳答案。
A land free from destruction(破坏), plus wealth, natural resources, and labor supply—all these were important 11 in helping England to become the center for the Industrial Revolution. 12 they were not enough. Something 13 was needed to start the industrial process. That “something special” was men— 14 individuals who could invent machines, find new 15 of power, and establish business organizations to reshape(改造) society. The men who 16 the machines of the Industrial Revolution 17 from many backgrounds and many occupations. Many of them were 18 inventors than scientists. A man who is a 19 scientist is primarily interested in doing his research 20 . He is not necessarily working 21 that his findings can be used. An inventor or one interested in applied science is 22 trying to make something that has an actual 23 . He may try to solve a problem by using the theories 24 science or by experimenting through trial and error. Regardless of his method, he is working to obtain a 25 result: the construction of a harvesting machine, the burning of a light bulb, or one of 26 other objectives. Most of the people who 27 the machines of the Industrial Revolution were inventors, not trained scientists. A few were both scientists and inventors. Of course, we need to agree even those who had 28 or no training in science might not have made their inventions 29 ground work had not been laid by scientists years 30 .
11. A. cases B. reasons C. factors D. situations
12. A. But B. And C. Besides D. Even
13. A. else B. near C. extra D. similar
14. A. generating B. effective C. motivating D. creative
15. A. origins B. sources C. bases D. discoveries
16. A. employed B. created C. operated D. controlled
17. A. came B. arrived C. stemmed D. appeared
18. A. less B. better C. more D. worse
19. A. true B. practical C. pure D. clever
20. A. happily B. occasionally C. unwillingly D. accurately
21. A. now B. and C. all D. so
22. A. seldom B. sometimes C. usually D. never
23. A. plan B. use C. idea D. means
24. A. of B. with C. to D. as
25. A. single B. only C. specialized D. specific
26. A. few B. those C. many D. all
27. A. proposed B. developed C. supplied D. offered
28. A. little B. much C. some D. any
29. A. as B. if C. because D. while
30. A. ago B. past C. ahead D. before
第二部分 阅读理解 (共25小题, 满分50分)
第一节(共20小题;每小题2分, 满分40分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡该项涂黑。
A
The slavery drama “12 Years a Slave” won the Academy Award for best picture on Sunday, making history as the first movie from a black director to win the film industry’s highest honor in 86 years of the Oscars. Can anyone tell me your ideas about this movie? —Great Martin
“12 Years a Slave is a surprisingly underwhelming movie. It is more of a string of pictures about several heartless and evil white men(and women) who are just mean without the motivation of running a plantation on their minds. There is very little character development and most of the film relies on what the audience already knows and feels about slavery. “ —Gemini Jeff
‘‘Never have I been stunned into an emotional silence after watching a film in the theater. I’ve come out of films before thinking, ‘My god, that was unbelievable’, like when I saw The Lord of the Rings for the first time, but this film just hits you on another level entirely. You sit there after it’s over, wondering if what you’ve just experienced is real. The day after, you feel the same. “
—Paul Johnson
“This movie is just an average movie about slavery. Are you kidding me, segregation movies are a dime a dozen and this movie beat out Gravity for Golden Globes? Gravity has never been done before. 12 Years a Slave I watched once and will never watch again. I watched Gravity 5 times and still love it. ’’ —Emma Smith
“This movie was realistic and engaging at every second. Even the dramatic pauses were worthwhile and definitely not a waste of time. The script inferred and hinted at events rather than just plain saying them, and that was genius. Outstanding photography, amazing special effects and the acting is top notch. There were a few people that walked out during some scenes. What a shame!”
—April
31. The main purpose of Great Martin’s writing is _____.
A. to give a brief introduction of the movie
B. to share his own opinions with others
C. to invite answers to his question
D. to explain why he asks the question
32. The underlined word “stunned’’ in the third paragraph probably means _____.
A. puzzled B. shocked C. disappointed D. concerned
33. Among the four speakers, who made positive comments on the movie?
A. Gemini Jeff and Paul Johnson B. Paul Johnson and Emma Smith
C. Gemini Jeff and Emma Smith D. Paul Johnson and April
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34. Which of the following best states Paul Johnson’s ideas about l2 Years a Slave?
A. It leaves little room for character development.
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B. It reaches the height of The Lord of the Rings.
C. It doesn’t deserve such high praise.
D. It amazes the audience with its special effects.
B
One morning, however, I found its bed empty. My doll was gone! I cried for it. Mum wept and told me that the poor little thing had been sent to a hospital. It had a fever. For several days, I heard Mum and Dad whispering such words as “hopeless”, “pitiful”, and “dying”, which sounded ominous.
“Though Christmas is coming, don’t expect any presents this year.” Dad said, pointing at the socks I hung in the living room. I’d never seen him cry before.
The phone rang early on Christmas morning. Dad jumped out of bed to answer it. From my bedroom I heard him say. “ What? He’s all right?” He hung up and shouted upstairs, “The hospital said we canould bring Richard home! “
“Thank god!” I heard Mum cry.
From the window upstairs, I watched my parents rush out to the car. I had never seen them so happy. And I was also full of joy. What a wonderful day! My baby doll would be home. I ran downstairs. My socks still hung there flat. But I knew they were not empty: they were filled with love!
35. What happened to the author on September 11, 1958?
A. He got a baby brother. B. He got a Christmas gift.
C. He became four years old. D. He received a doll.
36.What does the underlined word “ominous” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Impossible. B. Boring. C. Difficult. D. Fearful.
37. Which word can best describe the feeling of the father when Christmas was coming?
A. Excitement. B. Happiness. C. Sadness. D. Disappointment.
38. What is the passage mainly about?
A. A sad Christmas day. B. Life with a lovely baby.
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C. A special Christmas gift. D. Memories of a happy family.
C
Franz Kafka wrote that “a book must be the ax (斧子) for the frozen sea inside us.” I once shared this sentence with a class of seventh graders, and it didn’t seem to require any explanation.
We’d just finished John Steinbeck’s novel Of Mice and Men. When we read the end together out loud in class, my toughest boy, a star basketball player, wept a little, and so did I. “Are you crying?” one girl asked, as she got out of her chair to take a closer look. “I am,” I told her, “and the funny thing is that I’ve read it many times.”
But they understood. When George shoots Lennie, the tragedy is that we realize it is always going to happen. In my 14 years of teaching in a New York city public middle school, I’ve taught kids with imprisoned parents, abusive parents, irresponsible parents; kids who are parents themselves; kids who are homeless; kids who grew up in violent neighborhoods. They understand, more than I ever will, the novel’s terrible logic— the giving way of dreams to fate (命运).
For the last seven years, I have worked as a reading enrichment teacher, reading classic works of literature with small groups of students from grades six to eight. I originally proposed this idea to my headmaster after learning that a former excellent student of mine had transferred out of a selective high school— one that often attracts the literary-minded children of Manhattan’s upper classes— into a less competitive setting. The daughter of immigrants, with a father in prison, she perhaps felt uncomfortable with her new classmates. I thought additional “cultural capital” could help students like her develop better in high school, where they would unavoidably meet, perhaps for the first time, students who came from homes lined with bookshelves, whose parents had earned Ph. D.’s.
Along with Of Mice and Men, my groups read: Sounder, The Red Pony, Lord of the Flies, Romeo and Juliet and Macbeth. The students didn’t always read from the expected point of view. About The Red Pony, one student said, “It’s about being a man; it’s about manliness.” I had never before seen the parallels between Scarface and Macbeth, nor had I heard Lady Macbeth’s soliloquies (独白) read as raps (说唱), but both made sense; the interpretations were playful, but serious. Once introduced to Steinbeck’s writing, one boy went on to read The Grapes of Wrath and told me repeatedly how amazing it was that “all these people hate each other, and they’re all white.” His historical view was broadening, his sense of his own country deepening. Year after year, former students visited and told me how prepared they had felt in their first year in college as a result of the classes.
Year after year, however, we are increasing the number of practice tests. We are trying to teach students to read increasingly complex texts, not for emotional punch (碰撞) but for text complexity. Yet, we cannot enrich (充实) the minds of our students by testing them on texts that ignore their hearts. We are teaching them that words do not amaze but confuse. We may succeed in raising test scores, but we will fail to teach them that reading can be transformative and that it belongs to them.
39. The underlined words in Paragraph 1 probably mean that a book helps to _____.
A. realize our dreams B. give support to our life
C. smooth away difficulties D. awake our emotions
40. Why were the students able to understand the novel Of Mice and Men?
A. Because they spent much time reading it.
B. Because they had read the novel before.
C. Because they came from a public school.
D. Because they had similar life experiences.
41. The girl left the selective high school possibly because_____.
A. she was a literary-minded girl B. her parents were immigrants
C. she couldn’t fit in with her class D. her father was then in prison
42. To the author’s surprise, the students read the novels_____.
A. creatively B. passively C. repeatedly D. carelessly
D
Holidays are really important. Many of us will have childhood memories of summer holidays where we were taken away from home to experience new environments and learn in different ways.
But holidays are expensive and, for those on low wages or living on benefits, they are often unobtainable. Even the cheapest holidays require travel and other additional costs that are difficult for many families to meet.
For working parents, the long summer break can be a very difficult problem for childcare. When an annual leave allowance amounts to only five weeks, there is a need to spread this across the year. Couples can find themselves taking leave in turn in order to care for children who are on holiday. For some, this makes even an affordable family holiday difficult.
The schools that I visit in Nottingham are full of experienced staff committed to giving our children a caring and inspiring learning environment. The number of children receiving free school meals is quite large in Nottingham and many schools have breakfast clubs to make sure that children get a healthy start to the day. Most schools undertake programs of group or individual educational support. Schools also have an important role in safeguarding children, welfare through the ongoing touch and support with their pupils. During the long summer holidays, much of this is missed.
While teachers are holidaying in the UK, many of their pupils spend the whole six weeks on the street where they live. The lack of free school meals for six weeks can result in pressure on a family budget and an inability to afford the inspiring experiences that help children to continue their learning.
In setting out its plans for a five-term year, Nottingham City Council (委员会)is seeking to reduce the summer holiday down to four and a half weeks, with a more balanced five terms of roughly eight weeks, each followed by a two-week break. We believe this will give real “down time” for school staff and pupils alike but will be short enough not to cause a real break in learning.
We acknowledge that this change may be difficult for some school staff, particularly whose own children are educated in other authorities. However, this must be weighed against the benefits for city children for whom we all have the greatest duty of care.
43. The underlined word “they” in the second paragraph refers to “____”.
A. environments B. holidays C. wages D. benefits
44. It is suggested in the passage that the summer break be reduced to _____.
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A. 2 weeks B. 4.5 weeks C. 5 weeks D. 6 weeks
45. The plans for a shorter summer holiday will help students _____.
A. obtain the cheapest holidays without additional costs
B. get a chance to spend six weeks a term with teachers in school
C. benefit more from the caring and inspiring learning environment
D. have more school days to improve their study
46. It can be inferred from the passage that _____.
A. working parents can enjoy a five-week break to care for their children
B. the suggested plans for a five-term school year can hardly be carried out
C. the long summer holiday gives teachers and students real “down time”
D. some school staff will say “No” to the plans for a shorter summer holiday
E
Do you know how it is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too? Or how hard it is to be among people laughing and not laugh yourself? Well, apparently it’s because we have mirror neurons (神经元)in our brains.
Put simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate(模仿) it, whether or not we actually perform the same action. This explains a great deal about how we learn to smile, talk, walk, dance or play sports. But the idea goes further: mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions, they also tell us that there is a biological basis for the way we understand other people.
Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains, but especially in the areas which relate to our ability to use languages, and to understand how other people feel. Researchers have found that mirror neurons relate strongly to language. A group of researchers discovered that if they gave people sentences to listen to (for example: “The hand took hold of the ball”), the same mirror neurons were triggered as when the action was actually performed (in this example, actually taking hold of a ball).
Any problems with mirror neurons may well result in problems with behavior. Much research suggests that people with social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully functioning. However, it is not yet known exactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders.
Research into mirror neurons seems to provide us with ever more information concerning how humans behave and interact(互动). Indeed, it may turn out to be the equivalent(相等物) for neuroscience of what Einstein’s theory of relativity was for physics. And the next time you feel the urge to cough in the cinema when someone else does—well, perhaps you’ll understand why.
47. Mirror neurons can explain _____.
A. why we cry when we are hurt
B. why we cough when we suffer from a cold
C. why we smile when we see someone else smile
D. why we yawn when we see someone else stay up late
48. The underlined word “triggered” in the third paragraph probably means “____”.
A. set off B. cut off C. built up D. broken up
49. We can learn from the passage that mirror neurons _____.
A. relate to human behavior and interaction
B. control human physical actions and feelings
C. result in bad behavior and social disorders
D. determine our knowledge and language abilities
50. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Ways to find mirror neurons. B. Problems of mirror neurons.
C. Existence of mirror neurons. D. Functions of mirror neurons.
第二节 补全对话(共5小题;每小题2分, 满分10分)
M: Look, a few weeks ago another customer had his doubts when I suggested that he buy one of these chairs. __53__ No way! In fact, he called me up and ordered another one.
W: It is comfortable.
M: There is no doubt about it. But the decision is up to you. If you’d like, __54__ Of course, I can’t guarantee(保证) that chairs will still be here.
W: Oh, __55__
M: The last one in stock. They’ve been selling like hot cakes.
A. Is this the only one you have?
B. You can look around and come back.
C. What about red? It looks very nice.
D. It’s very important that your chairs be comfortable.
E. Whites get dirty so quickly.
F. He took it away happily.
G. But do you think he bought it back?
2017高考英语模拟试题第二卷(非选择题, 共60分)
第一节 阅读表达(共5小题;每小题2分, 满分10分)
阅读下面短文并回答问题, 然后将答案写到试卷规定的位置上(请注意问题后的字数要求)。
One of the greatest contributions to the first Oxford English Dictionary was also one of its most unusual. In 1879, Oxford University in England asked Prof. James Murray to serve as editor for what was to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the English language. It would include every English word possible and would give not only the definition but also the history of the word and quotations (引文) showing how it was used.
This was a huge task. So Murray had to find volunteers from Britain, the United States, and the British colonies to search every newspaper, magazine, and book ever written in English. Hundreds of volunteers responded, including William Chester Minor. Dr. Minor was an American Surgeon who had served in the Civil War and was now living in England. He gave his address as “Broadmoor, Crowthorne, Berkshire”, 50 miles from Oxford.
Minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to Murray. Over the next years, he became one of the staff’s most valued contributors.
But he was also a mystery. In spite of many invitations, he would always decline to visit Oxford. So in 1897, Murray finally decided to travel to Crowthorne himself. When he arrived, he found Minor locked in a book-lined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum(精神病院) for the criminally insane.
Murray and Minor became friends, sharing their love of words. Minor continued contributing to the dictionary, sending in more than 10,000 submissions in 20 years. Murray continued to visit Minor regularly, sometimes taking walks with him around the asylum grounds.
In 1910, Minor left Broadmoor for an asylum in his native America. Murray was at the port to wave goodbye to his remarkable friend.
Minor died in 1920, seven years before the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary was completed. The 12 volumes defined 414,825 words, and thousands of them were contributions from a very scholarly and devoted asylum patient.
56. How did Dr. Minor contribute to the dictionary? (with 7 words)
_________________________________________________________________________________
57. Why did Dr. Minor refuse to visit Oxford? (within 7 words)
_________________________________________________________________________________
58. Why did Prof. Murray and Dr. Minor become friends? (within 8 words)
_________________________________________________________________________________
59. How do you describe Dr. Minor? (within 3 words)
_________________________________________________________________________________
60. What does the text mainly talk about? (within 10 words)
_________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 短文改错 (共10小题;每小题1.5分, 满分15分)
下面短文中有10处语言错误, 请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧), 并在其下面写上该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(﹨)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写上修改后的词。
Last month we bought our two-year-old daughter a little dog. There are not many children of her age there we live, and we thought a dog would make her feel less alone. We were right. They play together happily all days. Our daughter now smiles and laughs a lot more than she used. In a way it is like having two children in the house. All of them are very untidy, but they cry when they do not get what they want. The dog is easy to look after than my daughter. He always ate up all his food and we don’ t have piles of dirty clothes to wash. My wife is also happy because of I have given up smoke. The dog doesn’ t like the smell.
注意：文章开头部分已给出, 不计入总词数。
Nowadays, a lot of people are reportedly unwilling to help others. However, Liu Fang acted differently. _________________________________________________________________________________
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以上，就是小编给大家带来的高考英语语法：情态动词详解 高考英语模拟试题全部内容，希望对大家有所帮助！
