高考英语作文指导与基础写作指导
高考英语作文指导与基础写作指导
第一讲 记叙文：如何写人一、写作指导
高考英语基础写作中的写人侧重人物的介绍，可以用第一人称(如写求职信)，也可以用第三人称，时态常常用一般现在时和一般过去时，具体的人称和时态要依据写作的要求来确定。写作过程中要注意以下几个方面的问题：
1.人物写作通常需要介绍人物的姓名、年龄、外貌、学历、经历、专业、爱好、特长、事迹、性格等多个方面，但英语基础写作需要严格按照写作要求来写，包括所给的全部信息点，既不能遗漏，也不能随意添加。
2.对题目所给的信息要进行适当重组，安排好写作顺序，突出重点信息。重点信息通常是写作的目的所在，比如求职要重点突出学历、经历，新闻报道要重点突出事迹，介绍自己的老师、朋友要突出他们的特点，等等。
3.正确运用描写人物的词汇和句型。
4.注意运用正确的时态。描写人物的外貌、性格、兴趣等常用一般现在时，而描写人物的出生、教育背景、经历、事迹常用一般过去时。
二、常用词语
外貌特征：beautiful, big nose, black eyes，fat, good-looking，handsome, healthy, near-sighted，ordinary-looking， pretty，short，strong, tall， thin, with a big nose, with a big smile, white-haired，1.80 metres tall, etc.
性格特点：absent-minded, attractive，bad-tempered，be ready to help others, bright，charming，confident, diligent，friendly, generous, have a good temper, humorous，independent, kind, kind-hearted，lazy，narrow-minded, naughty，patient，think of others, smart，talkative， warm-hearted，wise，etc.
出生年龄：a twenty-five-year-old young man, as a boy of 15, at the age of 20, be born on February 12th, 1987 , during his childhood, in one’s fifties, live a happy/ hard life, spend his childhood in the countryside, the son of a poor family, when he was a small boy, etc.
兴趣爱好：be angry with sb for sth, be angry about, be delighted in doing, be good at singing, be interested in English, be fond of music, be crazy about, be pleased with, be sick for, be sorry for, be strict in one’s work, be worried about, do well in his research work, ,enjoy doing, expect to do, feel surprised at, have a strong desire to do, look forward to doing sth., long for (long to do), make rapid progress in, put one’s heart into, take a pleasure in doing; wish to do, work hard at his studies, etc.
教育背景： be admitted to Beijing University, be enrolled in, fail in the test, get a master’s degree, get on well with one’s lessons, give sb. a passing grade, go abroad to further one’s study, graduate from Physics Department of Qinghua University, his father was very strict with him, lay a good foundation in English, major in history, receive a doctor’s degree, pass the examination, study hard at, take several courses at school, take an active part in class，when at college, etc.
经历事迹： become a member of the team, concentrate oneself to doing sth., devote oneself to one’s business, do sth with great determination and perseverance, do research into this field, encourage sb to do sth, fight for our revolutionary course, give up one’s life for sth, have a good way of doing sth, have a talent for language, make up one’s mind to do sth., overcome many difficulties, receive the Nobel Prize for physics, serve as nurse, set a new world record of 110 metre hurdling, try one’s best to do sth., win the first prize in the competition, win a gold /silver/ bronze medal, etc.
他人评价：an inspiring leader, a model worker, an advanced teacher, be respected by all his students, be honored as, be considered as, be famous/known as, be regarded as, his hard work brought him great success, make great contributions to our country, one of the most important persons in the past ten years, consider sb. as a genius, consider sb. as the greatest leader, set a good example for all of us, speak highly of him, etc.
三、实例分析
【例1】 李华自我介绍
假设你是李华，申请到一家外资企业工作，你需要用英文给人事部经理写一封信，介绍自己的基本情况，简介信包括下表所列内容：
姓名 李华 出生年月 1981年8月
出生地 广东省佛山市
学历 1994—2000 佛山第一中学
2000—2004 大学计算机系
2004—至今 在一家计算机公司工作
所学主要课程 计算机、中文、数学、英语、体育
特长爱好 游泳(曾获得过大学游泳比赛一等奖)，音乐
写作要求：
1. 简介必须包括以上全部内容(信的开头和结尾已经写好);
2. 使用5个句子。
Dear Manager,
I am waiting for your reply.
Thank you.
Yours Truly,
Li Hua
写作指导：
文体 记叙文，用第一人称
信息组织 ①写信目的，到贵公司工作;②姓名、出生地点、日期; ③学习简历;④学习内容，现在情况;⑤爱好和特长
时态 现在进行时，一般过去时
参考范文：
Dear Manager,
I am writing you a letter in order to apply for a position in your company. My name is Li Hua and I was born in Foshan City of Guangdong Province in August 1981. I studied in Foshan No. 1 Middle School from 1994 - 2000, and then I came to study in the Computer Department of Guangzhou University for four years. I studied computer science, Chinese, maths, English, P.E, and now I am working for a computer company. I like pop music and swimming very much, and I once won the first prize for swimming in the school competition. I am waiting for your reply.
Thank you.
Yours Truly,
Li Hua
【例 2】介绍姚明和刘翔
假设你是李华，正在美国参加学习，课堂上老师要求你简要介绍我国的名人，你选择了姚明和刘翔，两位体育明星，他们的基本情况如下：
姓名 姚明 刘翔
出生 1980年，上海 1983年，上海
事迹 世界著名篮球运动员，现在美国NBA火箭队效力，球队主力队员之一，多次进入美国全明星队。 多次获得世界110米栏冠军，2004年雅典奥运会冠军，不久以后还打破了世界记录。
爱好 听流行音乐 音乐，唱歌
写作要求：
1. 简介必须包括以上全部内容(开头已经为你写好);
2. 使用5个句子。
3. 参考词汇：火箭队 Rocket， 110米栏110-metre hurdling，雅典奥运会——the Athens Olympic Games
Hi, everyone. I would like to introduce two famous sport stars, Yao Ming and Liu Xiang.
____________________________________________________________
That’s all. Thank you!
写作指导：
文体 记叙文，用第三人称
信息组织 有两条线索：一是分别对比两人的各项情况，二是先介绍姚明，再介绍刘翔。第二条线索比较好。
①姚明，篮球运动员，出生;②主力队员，明星队; ③刘翔，110米栏世界冠军;④04雅典冠军，打破记录;⑤两人的爱好。
时态 一般现在时，一般过去时
参考例文：
Hi, everyone. I would like to introduce two famous sport stars, Yao Ming and Liu Xiang. Yao Ming, born in Shanghai in 1980, is a world famous basketball player. He is now one of the best players in Team Rocket in NBA, and he has been in All-Star Team for several times. Liu Xiang, who was also born in Shanghai but three years younger than Yao Ming, is a world champion in the 110-metre hurdls. He won the first prize in the Athens Olympic Games and broke the world record soon after that. Both of them love music, but Yao Ming likes listening to pop music whilst Liu Xiang likes singing.
四、即时练习
1. 介绍同学
假设你是李华，学校网站英文版通讯员，最近学校网站准备宣传一些优秀学生，请你用英文为李敏同学写一篇简介，李敏同学的基本情况如下：
姓名 李敏 职务 高二(1)班班长
特点 健康、活泼 爱好 体育活动，唱歌跳舞
事迹 她各科成绩都好，但她刚进校时，英语学习有困难，经过努力，成绩上去了。2006年参加全国物理奥林匹克竞赛并获得一等奖。她严于律己，乐于助人。
写作要求：
1. 简介必须包括以上全部内容;
2. 版面有限，只能使用5个句子。
写作指导：
文体 记叙文，用第三人称
信息组织 ①姓名、职务、特点;②爱好、成绩; ③英语学习困难;④04物理竟赛;⑤她的品格
时态 一般现在时，一般过去时
2. 介绍两位年轻人
假设你是李华，正在伦敦的一条街上购物，突然有两个年轻人匆匆走过，引起了你的注意，你就向不远处的一位警察反映，正好他在寻找两名小偷，他请你书面描述一下那两位年轻人的特征，你所看到的基本情况如下：
年轻人之一 年轻人之二
身高 约1.90米 约1.65米
长相 高鼻子，大嘴巴，秃头 小鼻子，小眼睛，卷头发
衣着 蓝上衣，旧皮鞋 黑色的裤子，运动鞋
神色 匆匆忙忙，四处张望，每人手上都拿着一个塑料袋。
逃离方向 沿着这条街，在红灯处左拐弯。
写作要求：
1. 书面描述必须包括以上全部内容;
2. 使用5个句子。
参考词汇：秃头 bald head ，卷头发 curly hair
写作指导：
文体 记叙文，用第三人称，侧重描写这两个人的外表特征。
信息组织 信息组织可以有两条线索，一是分别逐项对比，二是先描述一个，再描述另一个。选择第一种比较容易辨别。
①身高对比;②长相对比; ③衣着对比;④神色;⑤方向
时态 一般现在时，现在进行时，一般过去时，现在完成时
参考范文
1. Li Ming, the monitor of Class 1 Grade 2, is healthy and lively. She does well in all her subjects, and she is fond of sports, singing and dancing. When she came to school, she had quite a lot of difficulties with the language, but with great efforts she made a lot of progress in her English language study. In 2006 she took part in the National Physics Olympic Competition and won the first prize. Li Ming is very strict with herself in her work and daily life, and is always ready to help other people.
2. One is about 1.90 metres tall, and the other is only about 1.65 metres, quite short. The taller has a big nose, a big mouth and a bald head, whilst the shorter one has a small nose, small eyes and curly hair. The taller is wearing a blue jacket, a pair of old shoes, and the shorter is wearing black trousers with sports shoes. Each of them took a plastic bag in their hands while going in a hurry and looked around sometimes. They ran away down his street and turned left at the red light.
高考英语阅读理解试题解析
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高考英语阅读理解试题解析
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阅读理解是学习英语的基础，提高英语阅读能力，是备考高考英语考试的关键。下面学习啦小编为大家带来高考英语阅读理解试题解析，供大家阅读练习。
高考英语阅读理解试题原文：
Harry is eighteen now. He studies in a middle school. His parents like him very much and hope he can become a famous man. So they often tell him to study hard and they do all for him. They call him at six in the morning, after breakfast his father takes him to school in a car and in the afternoon, as soon as the young man comes back, the supper is ready. Of course, he never washes his clothes or goes to buy something in the shops.
Once Harry's father was sent to London on business. He would stay there for half a year. Leaving, he told his wife to take good care of their son. The woman had to get up earlier and did all what her husband did before. And two months later she was so tired that she was ill in bed. Now the young man got into trouble. He couldn't do any housework. He had to do as his mother told him. Even he didn't know where to get on the bus!
Yesterday Harry's mother found his shoes were worn out and told him to buy a new pair in the shop. But he didn't know how to choose. The woman had a sigh and gave him a shoe pattern(鞋样) and told him to buy a pair of shoes himself. It's Saturday today and Harry doesn't go to school. With a policeman's help, he found a shop. The shopkeeper was friendly to him. The man brought a lot of shoes and asked him to choose. When he was trying on a pair, suddenly he remembered something and took them off. The man was surprised and asked, "What's the matter, young man?"
高考英语阅读理解试题：
"I'm sorry, I've left the shoe pattern at home!"
1. _______ always does some housework in the morning.
A. Harry's father B. Harry's mother C. Harry D. Nobody
2. Harry's parents do all instead of him because _______.
A. he's too young B. he has poor health
C. he's busy with his studies D. they hope he spends all time on studies
4. In fact, _______.
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A. Harry wanted his mother to buy shoes for him
B. Harry didn't believe himself
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C. Harry wouldn't listen to his mother
D. Harry was strong enough to buy shoes for himself
高考英语阅读理解试题答案解析：
本文讲一个只会死读书的书呆子自理能力很差，连买鞋子这么简单的事都做不了。
1. A。细节题。根据 The woman had to get up earlier and did all what her husband did before 可以推断以前是她的丈夫做这些事的，因此应该选择 A。
2. D。细节题。根据 So they often tell him to study hard and they do all for him可知答案为D。
3. A。推断题。根据第2段第1句话 Once Harry's father was sent to London on business. He would stay there for half a year 可知答案为 A。
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4. B。细节题。根据第2段最后一句 Even he didn't know where go get on the bus 可知答案为 B。
5. C。细节题。根据 And two months later she was so tired that she was ill in bed可知答案为 C。
6. B。推断题。Harry 亲自去买鞋子，却不知道自己试一试，他不相信自己的脚却只相信鞋样，因此应该选择 B。
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